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Common orthodontic problems

To allow correct classification of problems malocclusions (bad bites) are described under the following groupings that have become accepted world-wide. This enables dental professionals to communicate using the same terms.

Class 1 Malocclusion

Class I malocclusion

Class l malocclusion occurs when the teeth meet in good positions and the overbite and overjet are correct, but the teeth are crowded. Depending on the degree of crowding, space may need to be made by removing some teeth before braces can be put on. In Britain, about 45% of the population have malocclusions of this type.

Class II division 1 malocclusion

Class II division 1 malocclusion occurs when the upper teeth are projecting forward of the lower teeth (the overjet is increased) and the upper incisors are proclined. Crowding may also be present. This arrangement is seen in about 34% of the population. Depending on the degree of discrepancy headgear, extractions, or surgery may be needed to create a good correction.

Class II division 2 malocclusion

Class II division 2 malocclusion occurs when the upper teeth are again protrusive, but the upper incisors are retroclined (tipped backwards). The overjet may not be greatly changed but the overbite is often greatly increased giving a "deep bite". About 18% of malocclusions are like this. Treatment is similar to that for the Class II division 1 condition.

Class III malocclusion

Class III malocclusion occurs when the lower teeth are positioned ahead of the uppers (a reverse overjet). About two per cent of malocclusions belong to this class. There is often an associated jaw misalignment, either upper or lower. These patients often need a combination of braces and a jaw operation. Because the lower jaw is one of the last bones to stop growing, treatment is often delayed until the patients are adults, so that a correct treatment plan is made.

Orthodontic problems to watch for

Malocclusions, like those illustrated below, may benefit from early diagnosis. Referral to an orthodontic specialist for a full evaluation is the best solution.